Public Investment in Education
|
Public Expenditure on |
Dura- tion of Primary School (years) |
||||||||||||||
|
Education (as % of total government expenditure) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Higher Education (as % of all levels) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Public Expenditure per Student (% of GNP per capita) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Education (as % of GNP) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Primary |
Secondary |
Tertiary |
Primary |
Primary |
|||||||||||
|
1985 |
1995 |
1993-95 |
1990-95 |
1990-95 |
1980 |
1994 |
1980 |
1995 |
1980 |
1995 |
1994 |
1995 |
1995 |
||
|
Antigua & Barbuda |
2.7 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
|
|
Bahamas |
4.0 |
.. |
16.3 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
|
|
Barbados |
6.1 |
7.2 |
19.0 |
75.1 |
19.2 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
|
|
Belize |
.. |
6.1 |
21.3 |
82.3 |
7.5 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
|
|
Cuba |
6.3 |
.. |
10.2 |
58.2 |
15.7 |
10.4 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
28.5 |
.. |
5.7 |
14 |
6 |
|
|
Dominican |
5.9 |
.. |
10.6 |
86.4 |
2.5 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
1.8 |
1.9 |
13.2 |
66.8 |
9.0 |
3.1 |
2.9 |
.. |
5.0 |
.. |
5.0 |
.. |
35 |
8 |
|
|
Guyana |
9.8 |
4.1 |
8.1 |
71.3 |
7.7 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
|
|
Haiti |
1.2 |
.. |
20.0 |
72.0 |
9.1 |
5.9 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
65.3 |
.. |
1.5 |
.. |
6 |
|
|
Jamaica |
5.7 |
8.2 |
7.7 |
66.3 |
23.1 |
14.0 |
14.7 |
.. |
25.0 |
166.6 |
193.0 |
1.7 |
37 |
6 |
|
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
5.8 |
3.3 |
9.8 |
76.7 |
11.6 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
|
|
Saint Lucia |
5.5 |
9.9 |
22.2 |
69.1 |
12.5 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
|
|
Saint Vincent & Grenadines |
5.8 |
.. |
13.8 |
95.8 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
|
|
Suriname |
9.4 |
3.5 |
.. |
75.2 |
7.6 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
|
|
Trinidad & Tobago |
6.1 |
4.5 |
.. |
73.4 |
13.3 |
9.2 |
.. |
.. |
17.0 |
55.1 |
77.0 |
5.7 |
25 |
7 |
|
|
Caribbean |
|||||||||||||||
|
Costa Rica |
4.5 |
4.5 |
19.9 |
61.6 |
30.9 |
13.1 |
10.6 |
.. |
19.0 |
76.1 |
44.0 |
0.4 |
31 |
6 |
|
|
El Salvador |
3.1 |
2.2 |
31.0 |
68.0 |
7.2 |
12.4 |
.. |
.. |
5.0 |
103.5 |
8.0 |
.. |
28 |
9 |
|
|
Guatemala |
1.8 |
1.7 |
18.2 |
67.0 |
15.5 |
4.9 |
6.2 |
.. |
5.0 |
.. |
33.0 |
.. |
34 |
6 |
|
|
Honduras |
4.2 |
3.9 |
16.5 |
74.0 |
16.6 |
10.9 |
.. |
.. |
22.0 |
72.1 |
59.0 |
3.6 |
35 |
6 |
|
|
Nicaragua |
6.8 |
.. |
12.2 |
78.3 |
.. |
7.8 |
13.1 |
.. |
.. |
85.9 |
.. |
0.9 |
38 |
6 |
|
|
Panama |
4.6 |
5.2 |
20.9 |
51.0 |
24.8 |
12.0 |
11.7 |
.. |
13.0 |
29.1 |
47.0 |
1.8 |
.. |
6 |
|
|
Central America |
|||||||||||||||
|
Argentina |
.. |
4.5 |
15.0 |
72.3 |
16.5 |
6.5 |
16.2 |
.. |
12.0 |
10.4 |
17.0 |
.. |
.. |
7 |
|
|
Bolivia |
2.1 |
6.6 |
8.2 |
50.3 |
28.7 |
13.7 |
.. |
.. |
18.0 |
.. |
67.0 |
.. |
.. |
8 |
|
|
Brazil |
3.8 |
.. |
.. |
55.7 |
25.6 |
8.7 |
.. |
11.0 |
.. |
0.1 |
.. |
.. |
23 |
8 |
|
|
Chile |
4.4 |
2.9 |
14.0 |
70.0 |
18.1 |
9.6 |
8.5 |
.. |
9.0 |
.. |
21.0 |
.. |
27 |
8 |
|
|
Colombia |
2.9 |
3.5 |
12.9 |
71.9 |
16.8 |
5.2 |
10.5 |
.. |
11.0 |
41.1 |
29.0 |
.. |
25 |
5 |
|
|
Ecuador |
3.7 |
3.4 |
17.5 |
59.9 |
21.5 |
5.6 |
3.9 |
.. |
15.0 |
22.3 |
34.0 |
.. |
26 |
6 |
|
|
Paraguay |
1.5 |
2.9 |
16.9 |
67.7 |
17.5 |
.. |
7.9 |
.. |
11.0 |
.. |
52.0 |
.. |
24 |
6 |
|
|
Peru |
2.9 |
3.8 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
7.2 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
5.1 |
.. |
0.7 |
28 |
6 |
|
|
Uruguay |
2.8 |
2.8 |
13.3 |
56.5 |
27.0 |
9.3 |
8.3 |
.. |
8.0 |
.. |
28.4 |
5.8 |
20 |
6 |
|
|
Venezuela |
5.1 |
5.2 |
22.4 |
25.9 |
34.7 |
3.0 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
56.8 |
.. |
1.3 |
23 |
9 |
|
|
South America |
|||||||||||||||
|
Mexico |
3.9 |
5.3 |
26.0 |
71.9 |
19.3 |
4.3 |
7.8 |
.. |
20.0 |
.. |
61.0 |
1.3 |
29 |
6 |
|
Sources: Public expenditure on education by level: Human Development Report 1998, UNDP, United Nations, New York, NY, 1998. Other data: World Development Indicators 1998 (CD-ROM version), Worl d Bank, Washington, DC, 1998.
Definitions: Education Expenditure is defined as expenditure on the provision, management, inspection and support of pre-primary, primary and secondary schools; universities and colleges; vocational, t echnical and other training institutions; and general administration and subsidiary services. Primary education provides the basic elements of education at elementary or primary schools. Secondary education provides general or specialized i nstruction at middle, secondary, or high schools, teacher training schools, and vocational or technical schools; this level of education is based on at least four years of instruction at the primary level. Higher education (or tertiary) re quires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level or evidence of attainment of an equivalent level of knowledge and is provided at universities, teachers colleges, and higher-level professional scho ols. Expenditure on teaching materials is the percentage of public spending on teaching materials (textbooks, books, and other scholastic supplies) to total public spending on primary education. Pupil –teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment). Duration of primary education is the minimum number of grades (years) a child is expected to cover in primary schooling.
Notes: While the public expenditure per student data for El Salvador (1995) and Brazil (1980 and 1995) appear peculiar, these are the data as recorded by the source.
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