-DATE- 19590219 -YEAR- 1959 -DOCUMENT_TYPE- INTERVIEW -AUTHOR- F. CASTRO -HEADLINE- APPEARANCE OF CASTRO BEFORE THE PRESS -PLACE- CUBA -SOURCE- CMQ TELEVISION PROGRAM -REPORT_NBR- FBIS -REPORT_DATE- 19590219 -TEXT- EXCERPTS FROM THE APPEARANCE OF FIDEL CASTRO BEFORE THE PRESS (CMQ TELEVISION PROGRAM) ON FEBRUARY 19, 1959 Relations With The United States Gonzalez: I am now going to bring up to the fullest extent the so-called fear of the Americans. It is well known that Cuba, through you, recently won the war against the foreign press, the vendor of poison, which represented the executions before firing squads as a matter of government cruelty, etc. However, there seems to be a sort of hidden plot that is endeavoring to have the Revolutionary Government and you especially appear as enemies of the United States Government. I was at the Palace on a night in which you spoke to Dubois, I believe, and explained to him exhaustively what your position was. However, it would be useful for the purpose of the triumph of the Revolution if you went over this matter again; that is, tell us what is your real concept of the relations between Cuba and the United States. Castro: Look. The Cuban Government does not wish to be the enemy of the Government of the United States nor the enemy of any government in the world. I believe that at this time we are an entirely sovereign and free people, and as a sovereign and free people, one that has the right to follow its political line, due to the same right that the United States has to follow its own, and therefore, what we cannot permit is allow a policy to be imposed upon us, do you understand? Now, it is natural that there has been some reference to the United States because we are very near the United States and the interventions, the threats, those things have always come from that country. And inasmuch as that proximity is what has caused that kind of preoccupation, that is why our problems are caused by it, and besides, because you know that this is the real truth, and we want to say the truth. We have been historically the victims of the powerful influence of the United States in the destinies of our country. That is something that Maceo as well as Marti and all the leaders of our independence understood and were greatly worried about. You also know that in Cuba there has always been an annexion current, that annexionism was the current in the history of the nation which opposed the current of independence, that a part of the people, the pro-slavery part, the part that was interested in maintaining the institution of slavery was chiefly in favor of annexion to the United States, that that current seeking annexion has lasted throughout our history and that very often, when the difficulties Cuba confronted to obtain its independence from Spain were realized, that current that was more conformist, that current that was most lukewarm, which looked at independence only through economic factors toward the United States, always came to the surface. Everyone remembers the statements of Saco in favor of Cuba's independence, in defense of Cuban nationalism. Thus it is that annexionism was always a danger here. At the end of the war of independence when it seemed that at last there was the thesis that had been fully triumphant, when the Spanish armies were virtually defeated, because we have also engaged in a war very similar to the war fought by the Cubans against the Spaniards, I say to you that the Cubans would have defeated the Spaniards in the end. I guarantee that the Cubans would have ended by defeating the Spaniards, that even if there had not been American intervention the Cubans would have conquered their freedom and above all they would have conquered it very at one point he was timed at over three hundred words per minute. He was somewhat incoherent. He left the impression that this was the true, intimate Castro, with all concealment discarded and his innermost thoughts revealed. His statements on relations with the United States, and on the Organization of American States, are therefore of particular interest. Translations of the passages in which he discussed those subjects are enclosed. RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED STATES Castro makes what has not come to his standard caveat: He has no quarrel with the bulk of the American people, and wants to be sincere friends with anyone who will be friendly with him. Then come the "buts". He feels that the United States is to blame for everything that is or has been wrong with Cuba since 1898. The Cubans had their war for independence won--they would have won it sooner but for the malicious policy of the United States in preventing arms shipments from reaching them. The United States intervened for selfish political and economic reasons, prevented the Cubans from cleaning house by killing off their opponents, and eventually gave Cuba a government controlled by corrupt people who lacked true patriotism. Cubans got rid of Machado, and then the American Ambassador, Jefferson Caffrey, encouraged Batista to step in. The United States kept him in after that, except for a period in the forties, and the United States supported him to the last. The American wire services and most of the press, were and are opposed to the new government. Castro insists that this is all historically accurate, and indicates that the history texts used in the Cuban school systembe revised to teach it. Castro's proposals for improvement of relations are clear: The United States should stop threats and intervention, they should follow a policy based on the interests of Cuba, they should buy all the sugar Cuba wants to sell, and they should be tolerant of Cuban actions which might adversely affect American interests, because the affected interests are only a millionth part of American riches. He says it it true that "There has been a hostile attitude against the Cuban people and their interests for 50 years. The hostile attitude has not been ours. The hostile attitude has been theirs, it is not for us to correct ourselves, the correction should come from them". ATTITUDE TOWARD THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES Castro sums up his opinion of the OAS in a nutshell: "I honestly have no faith in the OAS". He looks upon it as an organization that should be principally interested in implanting democracy in all Latin American countries. He feels the OAS should take active steps against countries whose governments he considers undemocratic. At present these are the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua and Paraguay. He says Cuba will recognize any rebel movement that is launched against those governments, and that exiles from those countries can count on Cuban sympathy and active support. He says that unilateral breaking of diplomatic relations is a meaningless gesture. Joint rupture of relations might have importance, especially if accompanied with aid to the opposition to the governments, but this is not the time for such actions. He is determined to get rid of those governments, and has little confidence that it can be done within the framework of the OAS. OBSERVATIONS Castro was clearly speaking for his audience, and his statements are extreme. But he was also speaking freely and without restraint, and his remarks reflect his underlying convictions. There can be little doubt that his basic attitude toward the United States is one of distrust and unfriendliness. Also, the downfall of Batista has left him and his movement without a convenient whipping-boy, and consciously or not he tends to fill that void with the United States and certain Latin American governments. At heart he is still, and unfortunately may always be, a revolutionary, with the revolutionary's need for something to attack or at least to oppose. For the present at any rate he finds the needed symbols in the United States and in "dictatorial" governments. But as far as the United States is concerned, Castro leaves the door open to friendly relations, on terms which we would find it hard to meet. It seems unrealistic for him to expect that his views, and his proposals, will be accepted completely. It is not clear whether his attitude will be translated into anti-American action. So long as we continue to display a basically sympathetic and tolerant approach, and our actions do not irritate him, it is probable that the friendly and cooperative atmosphere which has characterized our political and economic relations will continue. This means that the manner in which problems are handled will be equally as important as the substance. But Castro has shown that he is highly sensitive to and irritated by criticism. In addition, it is improbable that the entire American press, and all public figures, have the patience and forbearance to be continuingly tolerant of Castro's more extreme and inaccurate statements. It seems logical to expect that there will be frequent changes in the temperature of our relations, at least for the immediate future, and that officers of our government dealing with Cuban affairs should get used to the feeling of walking gently around the edges of a volcano that is liable to burst forth with sulphurous fumes at the slightest provocation. For the Ambassador: Daniel M. Braddock Minister-Counselor Enclosures: 1. Excerpts from Castro's TV Appearance Feb. 19, 1959--on U.S. 2. Excerpts from Castro's TV Appearance Feb. 19, 1959--on OAS. 3. Castro's TV Appearance on Feb. 19, 1959 - in Spanish. -END-