Benson Latin American CollectionRare Books and
ManuscriptsInventory
Agustín de Iturbide Collection
Prepared by the Mexican Archives Project
January 6, 1995
Introduction
The Agustín de Iturbide Collection, which forms part of the Genaro
García Collection, was purchased by the University of Texas in 1921
from the heirs of Genaro García. The collection was described by
the Benson Latin American Collection's Mexican Archives Project in
December 1994.
The physical extent of the collection is six inches. The materials are
in Spanish; their bulk dates are 1821-1824. The collection is also
available on microfilm.
The following guide is available in Rare Books Reference:
Castañeda, Carlos E. and Jack Autrey Dabbs, eds., Guide to the
Latin American Manuscripts in the University of Texas Library.
Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1939.
The suggested citation for the collection is "Agustín de Iturbide
Collection, 1813-1838, Benson Latin American Collection, General
Libraries, University of Texas at Austin."
Biographical Sketch
First emperor of Mexico. Born 1783 in Valladolid (Morelia); executed
July 19, 1824, in Padilla, Tamaulipas. Iturbide joined the army in 1800,
by 1810 was fighting with the royalists, and by 1820 held the rank of
colonel.
In February 1821 he and Vicente Guerrero signed the Plan de Iguala and
created the Ejército Trigarante. In August 1821 Iturbide and
viceroy Juan O'Donoju signed the Tratado de Córdoba, ending the war
and giving Mexico independence. Iturbide was proclaimed emperor in May
1822 but by October was forced to dissolve the national congress because
of resistance from the opposition. In March 1823 he reinstated congress,
then abdicated and fled to Italy.
In April 1824 the congress, having already declared his administration
void, revoked his pension and declared Iturbide a traitor. When he
returned to Mexico in July 1824 he was apprehended on arrival in
Tamaulipas and executed the next day. In 1838 Anastasio Bustamante
declared Iturbide one of the "First Heroes of Mexican Independence."
Chronology
1783 | born in Valladolid (Morelia) to
José Joaquín de Iturbide (wealthy Spaniard) and Josefa de
Arámburu (Michoacan) |
1798 | became a field laborer |
1800 | enlisted as second lieutenant in
Valladolid provincial regiment |
1805 | married Ana María de Huarte.
Cantonment of Jalapa. |
1809 | Iturbide had some connection with
conspiracy in Michelena, Valladolid |
1810 | offered rank of lieutenant general by
Hidalgo, Iturbide refused. Participated in battle of Monte de las
Cruces. Fought in battle of independence for royalist forces. |
1816 | accused but absolved on count of illicit
operations |
1820 | Iturbide had become a colonel in the
royalist army |
|
1821 | 2/24 - signed Plan de Iguala with Vicente
Guerrero, created Ejército Trigarante |
| 8/24 - O'Donojú & Iturbide signed
Tratado de Córdoba |
| 9/27 - Iturbide led Ejército Trigarante
to victory? |
|
1822 | 5/18 - Iturbide proclaimed
emporer |
| 5/19 - Iturbide emperorship ratified by
congress |
| 5/21 or 5/23 - Iturbide crowned
emperor |
|
| Created Order of Guadalupe. Iturbide had
much resistance from primarily republicans, some liberals. |
|
| 10/31 - Iturbide dissolved congress |
|
1823 | 1/24 - Santa Anna incited rebellion with
Plan de Casa Mata |
| 3/19 - Iturbide reinstated congress,
abdicated |
| 3/29 - Iturbide & family left residence in
Tacubaya. From Veracruz sailed to Europe |
| 8 - Arrived in Liorna, Italy. Stayed at
Villa Fournier. |
| Went to Florence and England. |
|
1824 | 4/8-28 - Congress revoked pension,
declared Iturbide a traitor |
| 5/4 - Iturbide left London for
Mexico |
| 6/14 - arrived in Soto la Marina, Tamaulipas.
Apprehended by Congress of Tamaulipas and sentenced to death. |
| | |
| 6/19 - Iturbide executed by firing squad in
Padilla, Tamaulipas |
|
1833 | 11/3 - Santa Anna had Iturbide's remains
brought to Mexico City & displayed/interred with the First heroes of
Independence |
|
1838 | Anastasio Bustemante got congress to
decree, retrospectively, Iturbide as a First Hero of
Independence |
Scope and Contents Note
Correspondence, printed material, official documents, and literary
productions pertaining to Iturbide and Mexican political and military
affairs from 1813 to 1838. Included are items concerning Antonio
López de Santa Anna, Anastasio Bustamante and José Manuel de
Herrera.
The Archives subgroup includes correspondence (bulk 1821) relating mostly
to Iturbide's activities as Generalísimo Almirante (correspondents
include political leaders such as Vicente Guerrero and Antonio Medina)
and printed material, mostly proclamations issued by Iturbide's
government but including leaflets from the opposition as well as
periodicals and broadsides from 1838 announcing Iturbide's status as a
"First Hero of Mexican Independence."
The Manuscripts subgroup comprises official documents including treaties
and acts of Iturbide's government and of successor governments that
relate to Iturbide (filed as G390); a photostat of a concordat between
Iturbide and the Church (G406); a manuscript of Iturbide's memoir
written in Italy, bound with leaflets and pamphlets relating to Iturbide
(G414); and contemporary copies of letters from Juan Gómez
Navarrete, Vicente Filisola, and José Dávila, among others
(G388).
Subgroups and Series
The Agustín de Iturbide Collection was arranged into Archives and
Manuscripts subgroups by earlier library staff. The series were created
by Mexican Archives Project staff, which completed the processing of the
collection in December 1994. The subgroups and series are:
I. Archives
- Correspondence, 1813-1823.
- Printed Materials, 1821-1838.
II. Manuscripts
1. | G388 : Documentos relativos al Imperio de
Iturbide, 1821-1824, (contemporary copies) |
2. | G390 : Documentos históricos, Don
Agustín Iturbide, 1821-1827. |
3. | G406 : Proposed concordat between the
Empire of Iturbide and the Church, c.1822. |
4. | G414 : Memoria escrita en Liorna a 27 de
Sepbre. 1823, (ms. copy of Iturbide's memoirs). Bound with various
pamphlets and leaftlets relating to Iturbide. |
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